Penile cancer (penile carcinoma) originates in glans head or foreskin prepuce cells. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) accounts for ~95% of cases.
Subtypes & HPV Etiology
• Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN / CIS): Non-invasive red/white patches (erythroplasia/leukoplakia).
• SCC Variants: Keratinizing, basaloid, warty, verrucous, sarcomatoid. Basaloid & warty are strongly HPV-16/18 related.
• Risk factors: HPV, Phimosis & smegma chronic inflammation, lack of neonatal circumcision, smoking, Lichen sclerosus.
Diagnostics & Organ-Sparing Therapies
Symptoms: Persistent sore/lump/ulcer on glans or foreskin, malodorous discharge, groin lymph node swelling.
Diagnostics: Clinical exam, Punch/Excisional Biopsy, Ultrasound/MRI/CT/PET, Sentinel node biopsy / FNA.
Treatment: Organ-sparing surgery (wide local excision, glansectomy, Mohs, CO2 laser), Topical 5-FU/imiquimod, Radiation, Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection (ILND), Platinum chemotherapy, Reconstructive surgery.